What does it cost, and who pays?
The Bill
The wholesale price is only the start. This is the economic and consumer half — what flexibility is worth, and how a megawatt-hour becomes your monthly bill.
Flexibility Chart
What a shiftable load — EV, heat pump, battery — charging in the cheapest hours saves a year.
An unachievable upper bound: perfect foresight, zero losses, no price impact.
Retail Wedge Chart
Your bill decomposed: wholesale, grid fees, levies and taxes — and how the wedge has shifted.
Industrial Prices Chart
What heavy industry pays — DE against France, Spain and Norway, country-level and honestly bounded.
Country-level bands. Not a substitute for a negotiated industrial contract.
Curtailment in € Chart
The price tag on wasted wind: curtailed MWh × a reference rate, a labelled estimate.
An estimate at a reference price, not a settled cost.