It answers those from open European market data. Every figure names its window and keeps its caveat on screen. Most figures are refreshed from the sources on the 1st and 15th of each month, and each view gives the dates its data covers.
The day-ahead price, the wholesale price set the day before, fell below zero in Germany in 139 hours of 2021 and 576 hours of 2025, counted per calendar year. The Bundesnetzagentur, the federal regulator, counts 573 for 2025. In each of those hours, sellers paid buyers to take their power. Most fall around midday in spring and summer, when solar output peaks.
139 → 576negative-price hours a year
It depends on what is generating it, hour by hour. Over the year to 14 Oct 2026, a kilowatt-hour generated in Germany carried 307 grams of CO₂ on an average day. One generated in France, mostly by nuclear plants, carried 34. Both are counted over each plant's lifecycle.
307 vs 34gCO₂/kWh, Germany vs France
On 26 Sep 2026 the national register listed 71 GW of onshore wind, 11 GW offshore and 115 GW of solar; the onshore wind and the solar are mapped district by district. Much of the wind is in the north, much of the industry in the south, and the lines between them can't always carry the power. The grid operators then redispatch: they turn some plants down and others up to keep the system stable.
Germany keeps one price across the whole country. Its neighbours made their own choices, and each one shows up in the data.
A nuclear fleet spread across the régions supplies most of the country, and France exported more than it imported in every month from Sep 2024 to Aug 2026. Output dips each spring and summer, when reactors stop for refuelling and maintenance.
Norway runs five price zones. In an average month of the year to 14 Oct 2026, its dearest and cheapest zones sat €73/MWh apart.
It pays to manage the bottleneck: £7.6 billion of thermal-constraint costs from Apr 2022 to Oct 2026, mostly to turn Scottish wind down when the lines south are full and other plants up in its place.
Wattlas counts a Dunkelflaute, German for a dark and windless spell, when wind and solar cover less than 10% of demand for at least 24 hours. Germany had 14 between 1 Jan 2021 and 31 Dec 2025. The longest, in Dec 2022, ran 97 hours: coal met about half of demand and gas about a sixth, and biomass, nuclear, hydro and imports covered most of the rest.
14spells on record, longest 97 h
A German household in Eurostat's middle consumption band paid 38.5 ct/kWh in 2025, all taxes included. The energy itself was 14.8 ct of that. Network charges added 11.3 ct, and taxes and levies 12.4 ct.
At 209 098 public charge points on the federal register as of 1 Sep 2026, each placed in its district. Most sit in the populous west and south. Private and workplace chargers are outside this count, and points still being registered are missing, so the public network is a little larger.
Ireland meters its data centres, and in 2025 they took 23% of the electricity metered in the country. Most other figures are models, from the IEA and research labs. Each author's series stays its own line, so a measurement is never averaged into a model.
The world ended 2025 with 2 391 GW of solar, more than ten times the 226 GW of 2015, and more than its 2 242 GW of coal. These are Ember's year-end counts.
A gigawatt is a rating. Across 2025 the world's solar fleet produced 13% of what it would running flat out all year, and coal 53%. For a fleet still growing, that share is a lower bound: the year-end count includes panels that ran for part of the year.
The gap between Germany's cheapest and dearest hour averaged €142/MWh a day over the year to 14 Oct 2026. A 1 MW battery with 2 hours of storage, trading that gap perfectly, would have made €98 855: an upper bound, assuming perfect foresight, no round-trip losses and no price impact.
Real batteries earn less. The page keeps that clause in the same sentence as the figure, wherever the figure appears.
Compare a gas plant's modelled running cost with the day-ahead price, and gas looks to have set Germany's price on 64% of the 351 days the model could classify, Oct 2025 to Sep 2026. This is a model: it infers when gas sets the price, which nobody observes directly.
The assumptions are on the page. The view names the gas price and the carbon price the model used.
Germany's transmission system operators recorded 13.9 TWh of curtailed renewable output on the 642 days their feed covers between 15 Oct 2024 and 15 Oct 2026: output turned down as a managed measure to keep the grid stable. That comes to about €1.1 billion, an estimate at a reference rate of €80/MWh.
The feed reports volume only. So the page gives the euro figure as an order of magnitude, and says so beside it.
Almost every view offers three questions it can answer from its own data, and a box for one of yours. The answer is built from the same numbers the chart drew, and it carries the view's caveat in a sentence.
The answers to the suggested questions are written ahead of time from the view's data and checked against it before they ship. A question you type, or one about another zone or window, goes to the language model.
